Understanding Bipolar Disorder
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depression, is a brain disorder that causes dramatic, major shifts in a person's mood, energy, activity levels, and ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
People with bipolar disorder cycle between distinct mood episodes. They experience devastating lows (depression) and intense, elevated highs (mania or hypomania). These massive shifts can result in damaged relationships, poor performance in school or work, risk-taking behaviors, and an increased risk of suicide.
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms of a Depressive Episode:
Long periods of profound sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness.
Complete loss of interest or pleasure in activities.
Severe fatigue, sluggishness, and dramatic changes in sleep habits.
Symptoms of a Manic Episode:
Feeling intensely euphoric, abnormally "up," high, or incredibly irritable.
Having racing thoughts, speaking very quickly, and jumping from idea to idea.
A drastically decreased need for sleep (feeling energetic after only a few hours).
Engaging in impulsive, reckless, or high-risk behaviors (e.g., massive spending sprees, reckless driving, or risky sexual behavior).
Know the Facts
Onset: 90% of individuals who develop bipolar disorder do so by the time they are 20 years old.
Prevalence & Genetics: Millions of Americans live with bipolar disorder. Genetics play a significant role; more than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the illness.
Causes: Scientists do not know the exact cause of bipolar disorder, but it is widely agreed that a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors act together to increase risk and produce the illness.
Community: It is incredibly important for friends and family to offer support, routine, and understanding to people living with bipolar disorder.
Treatment and Management
While bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, it is highly treatable. With continuous treatment—usually involving mood-stabilizing medications and therapy (including individual, group, and family therapy)—people with this illness can manage their mood swings and lead incredibly full, stable, and productive lives.